Phoenix, the capital of Arizona and most populous city in the state, is known for its sun and warm temperatures, as well as golf courses and high-end spa resorts. Its early economy was concentrated on agriculture and natural resources, but has since become diversified. The city has national parks, county (Maricopa county) parks, as well as city parks. The most common tree in city parks and along city streets is the Mesquite (Prosopis velutina), accounting for 8.8% of trees in those areas, while Blue Palo Verde (Parkinsonia florida) accounts for 6.8%. Native flora and fauna of the Sonoran Desert can primarily be found in the suburbs and desert areas surrounding the city, and some within the city limits. According to Phoenix’s TreeKeeper, there are over 93,000 street trees, bringing in over $9.2 million in eco benefits (air, water, energy, property, and greenhouse gas benefits). Project Desert Canopy Arizona found over 3.1 million trees in the city, accounting for 9% shade within the city. Situated in a major metropolitan area, drought and extreme heat are two major threats to the urban forest and human health. Understanding tree species vulnerability and key climate change impacts is critical to Phoenix’s climate adaptation and management efforts in the 21st century.